A Study on the RAPD and SCAR Molecular Markers of Piper Species

In order to compare the genetic relationships among Kava, Pepper and it’s wild relatives and to distinguish Kava from Pepper and it’s wild relatives, we conducted research on Kava by using RAPD and SCAR molecular markers. 20 random primers selected from 80 random primers were used for RAPD amplification to identify the genetic relationships among Kava, Pepper and it’s wild relatives. Total 170 bands were amplified by 20 random primers, in which 20 bands were polymorphic (12%). Cluster analysis grouped the 28 accessions into six groups at similarity coefficient of 0.36, where 6 materials of Kava formed a group, indicating that Kava was distantly relation to Pepper and its wild relatives. Kava had 562 bp and 355 bp specific fragments amplified by primers OPQ- 02 and OPQ-03, respectively, were recycled for cloning and sequencing analysis, and then converted to SCAR markers. Two pairs of specific SCAR primers for Kava, P4.1 and P4.2, P8.1 and P8.2 were designed. PCR amplification of 28 test materials were performed using the two pairs of the specific primers respectively, the specific bands of 562 bp and 355 bp with expected sizes were amplified in 6 Kava materials but not in other materials. The results showed that primers P4.1 and P4.2, P8.1 and P8.2 might be used as specific SCAR primers for Kava germplasm resources identification. This research provided the basis for selecting rootstocks, molecular identification and the fingerprint construction of Kava

Phonon and Raman scattering of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides from monolayer, multilayer to bulk material

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets exhibit remarkable electronic and optical properties. The 2D features, sizable bandgaps, and recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and device fabrication of the representative MoS$_2$, WS$_2$, WSe$_2$, and MoSe$_2$ TMDs make TMDs very attractive in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. Similar to graphite and graphene, the atoms within each layer in 2D TMDs are joined together by covalent bonds, while van der Waals interactions keep the layers together. This makes the physical and chemical properties of 2D TMDs layer dependent. In this review, we discuss the basic lattice vibrations of monolayer, multilayer, and bulk TMDs, including high-frequency optical phonons, interlayer shear and layer breathing phonons, the Raman selection rule, layer-number evolution of phonons, multiple phonon replica, and phonons at the edge of the Brillouin zone. The extensive capabilities of Raman spectroscopy in investigating the properties of TMDs are discussed, such as interlayer coupling, spin--orbit splitting, and external perturbations. The interlayer vibrational modes are used in rapid and substrate-free characterization of the layer number of multilayer TMDs and in probing interface coupling in TMD heterostructures. The success of Raman spectroscopy in investigating TMD nanosheets paves the way for experiments on other 2D crystals and related van der Waals heterostructures.Comment: 30 pages, 23 figure

Theory of polygonal phases self-assembled from T-shaped liquid crystalline polymers

Extensive experimental studies have shown that numerous ordered phases can be formed via the self-assembly of T-shaped liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs) composed of a rigid backbone, two flexible end chains and a flexible side chain. However, a comprehensive understanding of the stability and formation mechanisms of these intricately nano-structured phases remains incomplete. Here we fill this gap by carrying out a theoretical study of the phase behaviour of TLCPs. Specifically, we construct phase diagrams of TLCPs by computing the free energy of different ordered phases of the system. Our results reveal that the number of polygonal edges increases as the length of side chain or interaction strength increases, consistent with experimental observations. The theoretical study not only reproduces the experimentally observed phases and phase transition sequences, but also systematically analyzes the stability mechanism of the polygonal phases

How Re-sampling Helps for Long-Tail Learning?

Long-tail learning has received significant attention in recent years due to the challenge it poses with extremely imbalanced datasets. In these datasets, only a few classes (known as the head classes) have an adequate number of training samples, while the rest of the classes (known as the tail classes) are infrequent in the training data. Re-sampling is a classical and widely used approach for addressing class imbalance issues. Unfortunately, recent studies claim that re-sampling brings negligible performance improvements in modern long-tail learning tasks. This paper aims to investigate this phenomenon systematically. Our research shows that re-sampling can considerably improve generalization when the training images do not contain semantically irrelevant contexts. In other scenarios, however, it can learn unexpected spurious correlations between irrelevant contexts and target labels. We design experiments on two homogeneous datasets, one containing irrelevant context and the other not, to confirm our findings. To prevent the learning of spurious correlations, we propose a new context shift augmentation module that generates diverse training images for the tail class by maintaining a context bank extracted from the head-class images. Experiments demonstrate that our proposed module can boost the generalization and outperform other approaches, including class-balanced re-sampling, decoupled classifier re-training, and data augmentation methods. The source code is available at https://www.lamda.nju.edu.cn/code_CSA.ashx.Comment: Accepted by NeurIPS 202

1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoro­meth­yl)phen­yl]-5-iodo-4-trifluoro­methyl­sulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C12H2Cl2F6IN3OS, the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzene and pyrazole rings is 77.8 (2)°. In the crystal, a short I⋯N contact of 2.897 (5) Å occurs

Struma ovarii associated with pseudo-Meigs' syndrome and elevated serum CA 125: a case report and review of the literature

The association of pseudo-Meigs' syndrome, elevation of CA 125 to the struma ovarii is a rare condition. So far only nine cases have been reported in English literature through MEDLINE search. Here we report a 46-year-old case of the struma ovarii, presented with ascites, hydrothorax, right ovarian mass and elevated serum CA 125 level. These findings were misdiagnosed for an ovarian malignancy at the first impression. Immediate resolution of the ascites, hydrothorax and normalization of the serum CA 125 level were followed by ovarian mass removal. Struma ovarii could be a rare cause of ascites, hydrothorax, ovarian mass and elevated CA 125. This rare condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patents with ascites and pleural effusions but with negative cytology

MiRNA-145 increases therapeutic sensibility to gemcitabine treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although recent advances provide various treatment options, pancreatic adenocarcinoma has poor prognosis due to its late diagnosis and ineffective therapeutic multimodality. Gemcitabine is the effective first-line drug in pancreatic adenocarcinoma treatment. However, gemcitabine chemoresistance of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells has been a major obstacle for limiting its treatment effect. Our study found that p70S6K1 plays an important role in gemcitabine chemoresistence. MiR-145 is a tumor suppressor which directly targets p70S6K1 for inhibiting its expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, providing new therapeutic scheme. Our findings revealed a new mechanism underlying gemcitabine chemoresistance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells

BQA: A High-performance Quantum Circuits Scheduling Strategy Based on Heuristic Search

Currently, quantum computing is developing at a high speed because its high parallelism and high computing power bring new solutions to many fields. However, due to chip process technology, it is difficult to achieve full coupling of all qubits on a quantum chip, so when compiling a quantum circuit onto a physical chip, it is necessary to ensure that the two-qubit gate acts on a pair of coupled qubits by inserting swap gates. It will cause great additional cost when a large number of swap gates are inserted, leading to the execution time of quantum circuits longer. In this paper, we designed a way based on the business to insert swap gates BQA(Busy Qubits Avoid). We exploit the imbalance of the number of gates on qubits, trying to hide the overhead of swap gates. At the same time, we also expect swap gates to make as little negative impact on subsequent two-qubit gates as possible. We have designed a heuristic function that can take into account both of these points. Compared with qiskit, the execution time of the circuit optimized by our proposed method is only 0.5 times that of the qiskit compiled circuit. And when the number of two-qubit gates is large, it will achieve higher level than general conditions. This implies higher execution efficiency and lower decoherence error rate.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure